{"id":309,"date":"2008-07-02T20:53:25","date_gmt":"2008-07-02T12:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.liangliang.org.cn\/blog\/?p=309"},"modified":"2008-07-02T20:53:25","modified_gmt":"2008-07-02T12:53:25","slug":"%e4%b8%balinux%e8%92%99%e4%b8%8awindows%e9%9d%a2%e7%ba%b1%e8%af%b7%e9%bb%91%e5%ae%a2%e5%85%a5%e7%93%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liangliang.org.cn\/?p=309","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3aLinux\u8499\u4e0aWindows\u9762\u7eb1\u8bf7\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5165\u74ee"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>    \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u624b\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u9488\u5bf9\u6f0f\u6d1e\u8fdb\u884c\u653b\u51fb\u3002<br \/>\n    \u901a\u8fc7\u4f2a\u88c5Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ed9\u9ed1\u5ba2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5927\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f15\u8bf1\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b65\u5165\u6b67\u9014\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5Red Hat Linux\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u51e0\u79cd\u9ed1\u5ba2\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f2a\u88c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<br \/>\n\u9488\u5bf9HTTP\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\n     \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cWindows\u4f7f\u7528IIS\u6765\u63d0\u4f9bHTTP\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800cLinux\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662fApache\u3002<br \/>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Apache\u914d\u7f6e\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5141\u8bb8\u76ee\u5f55\u6d4f\u89c8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76ee\u5f55\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201cApache\/1.3.27 Server at apache.linuxforum.net Port 80\u201d\u6216\u201cApache\/2.0.49 (Unix) PHP\/4.3.8\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n     \u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684ServerTokens\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Apache\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u9690\u85cf\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cRed Hat Linux\u8fd0\u884c\u7684Apache\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u9690\u85cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539Apache\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66ff\u6362\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5Apache 2.0.50\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91ap_release.h\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u201c#define AP_SERVER_BASEPRODUCT \\\"Apache\\\"\u201d\u4e3a\u201c#define AP_SERVER_BASEPRODUCT \\\"Microsoft-IIS\/5.0\\\"\u201d\u3002\u7f16\u8f91os\/unix\/os.h\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u201c#define PLATFORM \\\"Unix\\\"\u201d\u4e3a\u201c#define PLATFORM \\\"Win32\\\"\u201d\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Apache\u3002<br \/>\n     Apache\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4fee\u6539httpd.conf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u201cServerTokens Full\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u201cServerTokens Prod\u201d\uff1b\u5c06\u201cServerSignature On\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u201cServerSignature Off\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b58\u76d8\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8Apache\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3aWindows\u3002<br \/>\n\u9488\u5bf9FTP\u670d\u52a1<br \/>\n    \u901a\u8fc7FTP\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cWindows\u4e0b\u7684FTP\u670d\u52a1\u591a\u662fServ-U\uff0c\u800cLinux\u4e0b\u5e38\u7528vsftpd\u3001proftpd\u548cpureftpd\u7b49\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5proftpd\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6proftpd.conf\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000ServerIdent on \\\"Serv-U FTP Server v5.0 for WinSock ready...\\\"\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u5b58\u76d8\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8proftpd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684FTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000C:\\\\>ftp 192.168.0.1<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Connected to 192.168.0.1.<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000220 Serv-U FTP Server v5.0 for WinSock ready...<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000User (192.168.0.1:(none)):<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000331 Password required for (none).<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Password:<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000530 Login incorrect.<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Login failed.<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000ftp > quit<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000221 Goodbye.\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n    \u8fd9\u6837\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u7740Serv-U\u7684Windows\u4e86\u3002<br \/>\n\u9488\u5bf9TTL\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<br \/>\n    \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528ping\u547d\u4ee4\u53bb\u63a2\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u6839\u636eTTL\u57fa\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u5173\u548c\u8def\u7531\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5ping\u5bf9\u65b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f97\u5230\u7684TTL\u503c\uff0c\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u201cTTL\u57fa\u6570\u201d\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0cTTL\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf1\uff0c\u5f53TTL\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<br \/>\n\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cWindows\u7684TTL\u7684\u57fa\u6570\u662f128\uff0c\u800c\u65e9\u671f\u7684Red Hat Linux\u548cSolaris\u7684TTL\u57fa\u6570\u662f255\uff0cFreeBSD\u548c\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684Red Hat Linux\u7684TTL\u57fa\u6570\u662f64\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cping\u4e00\u4e2aRed Hat\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Pinging 192.168.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=32 time \u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539Red Hat Linux\u7684TTL\u57fa\u6570\u4e3a128\uff08\u672c\u6765\u4e3a64\uff09\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000# echo 128 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_default_ttl<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u82e5\u60f3\u4f7f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/sysctl.conf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000net.ipv4.ip_default_ttl = 128\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u518dping 192.168.0.1\uff0cTTL\u57fa\u6570\u5c31\u53d8\u4e3a128\u4e86<br \/>\n\u9488\u5bf93389\u7aef\u53e3\u548c22\u7aef\u53e3<br \/>\n\u6709\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u626b\u63cf3389\u7aef\u53e3\u548c22\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u6d4b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002Windows\u4e0b\u4e00\u822c\u5229\u7528TCP\u534f\u8bae\u76843389\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800cLinux\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7528TCP\u534f\u8bae\u768422\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e26\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684SSH\u670d\u52a1\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528iptables\u6765\u9650\u523622\u7aef\u53e3\u7684SSH\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u8ba9\u975e\u6388\u6743\u7684IP\u626b\u63cf\u4e0d\u5230TCP 22\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000#iptables -I INPUT -s ! xx.xx.xx.xx -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP<br \/>\n \u3000\u3000<br \/>\n    \u5229\u7528iptables\uff0c\u5c06\u672c\u673a\u7684TCP 3389\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u5f00\u67093389\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ed9Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f2a\u88c5\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684TCP 3389\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000#echo 1 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000#iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 3389 -j DNAT --to xx.xx.xx.xx<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000#iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -p tcp --dport 3389 -j MASQUERADE<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n    \u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u8f6c\u53d1TCP 3389\u5230xx.xx.xx.xx\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u8def\u201d\uff0c\u7ed9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u901a\u9053\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u4f7f\u8f6c\u53d1\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\/etc\/rc.local\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u9ed1\u5ba2\u626b\u63cf\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u5f00\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u627e\u4e0d\u523022\u53f7\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f2a\u88c5\u76843389\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<br \/>\n\u9488\u5bf9netcraft<br \/>\n   netcraft\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684TCP 80\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001Web\u670d\u52a1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Uptime\uff09\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e0a\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9netcraft\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5747\u4e0d\u594f\u6548\u3002\u9488\u5bf9netcraft\uff0c\u53ef\u5229\u7528iptables\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f2a\u88c5\uff0c\u4f7fnetcraft\u9519\u8bef\u5224\u65ad\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000#iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 195.92.95.0\/24<br \/>\n    -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to xx.xx.xx.xx<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000#iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 195.92.95.0\/24<br \/>\n    -p tcp --dport 80 -j MASQUERADE<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n   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