{"id":4335,"date":"2023-04-23T20:39:38","date_gmt":"2023-04-23T12:39:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.liangliang.org.cn\/?p=4335"},"modified":"2023-04-23T20:39:38","modified_gmt":"2023-04-23T12:39:38","slug":"linux%e7%9a%84%e7%9b%ae%e5%bd%95%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liangliang.org.cn\/?p=4335","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784<\/h1>\n

\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n

 ls \/ <\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a:<\/p>\n
\"img\"<\/p>\n
\u6811\u72b6\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"img\"<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \/bin<\/strong>\uff1a
    \nbin \u662f Binaries (\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6) \u7684\u7f29\u5199, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u6700\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/boot\uff1a<\/strong>
    \n\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u542f\u52a8 Linux \u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/dev \uff1a<\/strong>
    \ndev \u662f Device(\u8bbe\u5907) \u7684\u7f29\u5199, \u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f Linux \u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/etc\uff1a<\/strong>
    \netc \u662f Etcetera(\u7b49\u7b49) \u7684\u7f29\u5199,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/home<\/strong>\uff1a
    \n\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u662f\u4ee5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u547d\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684 alice\u3001bob \u548c eve\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/lib<\/strong>\uff1a
    \nlib \u662f Library(\u5e93) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fde\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Windows \u91cc\u7684 DLL \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/lost+found<\/strong>\uff1a
    \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u6cd5\u5173\u673a\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/media<\/strong>\uff1a
    \nlinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982U\u76d8\u3001\u5149\u9a71\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5f53\u8bc6\u522b\u540e\uff0cLinux \u4f1a\u628a\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/mnt<\/strong>\uff1a
    \n\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u4e34\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5149\u9a71\u6302\u8f7d\u5728 \/mnt\/ \u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5149\u9a71\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/opt<\/strong>\uff1a
    \nopt \u662f optional(\u53ef\u9009) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6240\u6446\u653e\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2aORACLE\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5219\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/proc<\/strong>\uff1a
    \nproc \u662f Processes(\u8fdb\u7a0b) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\/proc \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4e5f\u5373\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u6b8a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
    \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5728\u786c\u76d8\u4e0a\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5c4f\u853d\u4e3b\u673a\u7684ping\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u522b\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5ping\u4f60\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n
    echo 1 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/icmp_echo_ignore_all<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/root<\/strong>\uff1a
    \n\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5c\u8d85\u7ea7\u6743\u9650\u8005\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/sbin<\/strong>\uff1a
    \ns \u5c31\u662f Super User \u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u662f Superuser Binaries (\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/selinux<\/strong>\uff1a
    \n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f Redhat\/CentOS \u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cSelinux \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e windows \u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5957\u673a\u5236\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u653eselinux\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/srv<\/strong>\uff1a
    \n\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/sys<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u662f Linux2.6 \u5185\u6838\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 2.6 \u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf sysfs \u3002<\/p>\n
    sysfs \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e0b\u97623\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684 proc \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 devfs \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u4f2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684 devpts \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5185\u6838\u8bbe\u5907\u6811\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/tmp<\/strong>\uff1a
    \ntmp \u662f temporary(\u4e34\u65f6) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/usr<\/strong>\uff1a
    \nusr \u662f unix shared resources(\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e windows \u4e0b\u7684 program files \u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/usr\/bin\uff1a<\/strong>
    \n\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/usr\/sbin\uff1a<\/strong>
    \n\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b88\u62a4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/usr\/src\uff1a<\/strong>
    \n\u5185\u6838\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u653e\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/var<\/strong>\uff1a
    \nvar \u662f variable(\u53d8\u91cf) \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5145\u7740\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \/run<\/strong>\uff1a
    \n\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5220\u6389\u6216\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6709 \/var\/run \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u5b83\u6307\u5411 run\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u8bef\u5220\u9664\u6216\u8005\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u5185\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
    \/etc<\/strong>\uff1a \u4e0a\u8fb9\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u80fd\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
    \/bin, \/sbin, \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/sbin<\/strong>: \u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u653e\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 ls<\/strong> \u5c31\u662f\u5728 \/bin\/ls<\/strong> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u662f \/bin<\/strong>\u3001\/usr\/bin<\/strong> \u662f\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u9664 root \u5916\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7528\u6237\uff09\uff0c\u800c\/sbin, \/usr\/sbin \u5219\u662f\u7ed9 root \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
    \/var<\/strong>\uff1a \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8dd1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c31\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5728 \/var\/log \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u53e6\u5916 mail \u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u653e\u7f6e\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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