{"id":5485,"date":"2026-06-06T10:42:12","date_gmt":"2026-06-06T02:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.liangliang.org.cn\/?p=5485"},"modified":"2026-06-06T20:34:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T12:34:55","slug":"%e5%b7%b4%e7%ba%b3%e5%a7%86%e6%95%88%e5%ba%94%e7%9a%84%e9%80%bb%e8%be%91%ef%bc%9a%e4%ba%8b%e5%90%8e%e4%bf%ae%e8%a1%a5%e4%b8%8e%e8%87%aa%e6%88%91%e9%97%ad%e7%8e%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.liangliang.org.cn\/?p=5485","title":{"rendered":"\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u4e8b\u540e\u4fee\u8865\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"!<\/p>\n

\n

\u56fe\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u83f2\u5c3c\u963f\u65af\u30fb\u6cf0\u52d2\u30fb\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\uff08P.T.Barnum\uff0c1810\u20131891\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u5947\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u3001\u9a6c\u620f\u56e2\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a \u201c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u9a6c\u620f\u5a31\u4e50\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u6f14\u51fa\u7ecf\u7eaa\u4eba\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5e45\u7248\u753b\u521b\u4f5c\u4e8e1861\u5e74<\/strong>\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7f8e\u56fd\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08American Museum\uff09\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8096\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n

\u4f2f\u7279\u4f26\u00b7\u798f\u52d2 Bertram Forer 1914 - 2000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u4e8b\u540e\u4fee\u8865\u6216\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af<\/h1>\n
\n

\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4e8b\u540e\u4fee\u8865<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u8865\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af<\/strong>\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u95ee\u9898\u8d70\u8fdb\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u95ed\u5408\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u5bdf\u89c9\u4e0d\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5728"\u4fee\u8865"\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f80\u5f80\u8ba9\u4eba\u6b65\u5165\u9669\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u6d88\u9664\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff1a\u4e8b\u540e\u4fee\u8865 + \u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af + \u60c5\u611f\u9501\u5b9a<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6eaf\u6e90\uff08\u672c\u80fd\uff09<\/h3>\n

\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u672c\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdc\u53e4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u8349\u4e1b\u88ab\u98ce\u5439\u5f97\u6643\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5371\u9669\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u80fd\u5730\u9884\u5224\u8349\u4e1b\u4e2d\u85cf\u6709\u91ce\u517d\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u523b\u505a\u51fa\u8b66\u60d5\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u9884\u5224<\/strong>\uff1a\u770b\u5230\u8349\u4e1b\u6643\u52a8\uff0c\u9884\u5224\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u91ce\u517d\uff1b<\/li>\n
  2. \u60c5\u611f\u9a71\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u60ca\u6050\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u8eb2\u907f\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b<\/li>\n
  3. \u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u8eb2\u907f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u56de\u53bb\u786e\u8ba4\u8349\u4e1b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6709\u91ce\u517d\uff1b<\/li>\n
  4. \u4e8b\u540e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u7ecf\u5386\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a"\u8349\u4e1b\u540e\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u91ce\u517d"\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u80fd\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u4fee\u8865\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/strong>\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u662f\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u6050\u60e7\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u56de\u907f\u662f\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8d8b\u8fd1\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba4\u77e5\u7f3a\u9677\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u672c\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u662f\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u7a7a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u8fdc\u53e4\u751f\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684"\u529f\u80fd\u8fc1\u79fb"\u3002<\/strong> <\/p>\n

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    \u5f53\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u5173\u4e8e"\u4f60"\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u63cf\u8ff0\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u53f0\u8fdc\u53e4\u5f15\u64ce\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4e0d\u95ee"\u8fd9\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1"\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u5230"\u5148\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u518d\u627e\u8bc1\u636e"\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u9a71\u52a8\u4f60\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6e34\u671b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u672c\u80fd\u7528\u6050\u60e7\u5f53\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u4eba\u8fdc\u79bb\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8ba4\u77e5\u7f3a\u9677\u7528\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u5f53\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u4eba\u9760\u8fd1"\u7406\u89e3"\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u5f15\u64ce\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u3002\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u7ba1\u71c3\u70e7\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u53f0"\u9884\u8bbe\u7ed3\u8bba \u2192 \u9009\u62e9\u6027\u52a0\u5de5 \u2192 \u60c5\u611f\u9501\u5b9a \u2192 \u4e0d\u9a8c\u8bc1 \u2192 \u95ed\u73af"\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5f15\u64ce\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7ea0\u6b63\u7684"\u9519\u8bef"\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u672c\u80fd\u5c42\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u6050\u9ad8\u3002\u4f60\u7ad9\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u89c2\u666f\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60"\u73bb\u7483\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u4e00\u5428\u7684\u91cd\u91cf"\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u7684\u817f\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6296\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6050\u9ad8\u4e0d\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u672c\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5b83\u5173\u4e8e"\u4f60"\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e00\u52a8\uff1a"\u597d\u50cf\u633a\u50cf\u7684\u3002"<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a"\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e00\u52a8"\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u53f0\u8fdc\u53e4\u5f15\u64ce\u5728\u70b9\u706b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u7ad6\u8d77\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5df2\u505a\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u7528\u8ffd\u5fc6\uff0c\u56de\u52301948\u5e74\u3002\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u573a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\uff1f<\/h2>\n

    1948\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f2f\u7279\u4f26\u00b7\u798f\u52d2\uff08Bertram Forer\uff09\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd"\u4e2a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u6d4b\u8bd5"\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b54\u6848\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u9700\u8981\u57280\u52305\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4efd\u5206\u6790\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u6253\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5e73\u5747\u8bc4\u5206\uff1a4.26\u5206\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u7136\u800c\u771f\u76f8\u662f\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u6458\u81ea\u8def\u8fb9\u62a5\u520a\u4ead\u7684\u661f\u5ea7\u4e13\u680f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u798f\u52d2\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u547d\u540d\u4e3a"\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94"\uff08Barnum Effect\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u540d\u5b57\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a6c\u620f\u56e2\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u83f2\u5c3c\u4e9a\u65af\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2\u00b7\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n

    "\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9002\u5408\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002"\uff08We've got something for everyone.\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u9053\u7834\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u6a21\u7cca\u800c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u753b\u50cf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b"\u51c6\u5230\u79bb\u8c31"\u7684\u53e5\u5b50<\/h3>\n

    \u798f\u52d2\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7167\u770b\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97"\u8bf4\u5f97\u633a\u50cf"\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u4f60\u975e\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u522b\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u4f60\u3001\u6b23\u8d4f\u4f60\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u683c\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u5f25\u8865\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u7684\u6027\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u5916\u8868\u770b\u4f3c\u81ea\u5f8b\u3001\u5185\u5fc3\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u6000\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u5f53\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u65f6\u4f60\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u8005\u800c\u81ea\u8c6a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u522b\u4eba\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5766\u7387\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u6709\u65f6\u5916\u5411\u3001\u548c\u853c\u3001\u5584\u4e8e\u793e\u4ea4\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5374\u5185\u5411\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u3001\u6c89\u9ed8\u5be1\u8a00\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u4f60\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u62b1\u8d1f\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5b89\u5168\u611f\u662f\u4f60\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u8bfb\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97"\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u8bf4\u6211"\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u606d\u559c\u2014\u2014\u4f60\u521a\u521a\u4eb2\u8eab\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e86\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u5907\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u8db3\u591f\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u8db3\u591f\u6b63\u9762\u3001\u8db3\u591f\u666e\u904d\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u77db\u76fe\u5171\u5b58\u3002<\/strong> "\u4f60\u6709\u65f6\u5916\u5411\u6709\u65f6\u5185\u5411"\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5417\uff1f"\u4f60\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e0d\u6ee1"\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8c01\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u610f\uff1f<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a"\u4e0a\u5f53"<\/h3>\n

      \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684"\u50bb"\u6216"\u8f7b\u4fe1"\u3002\u5b83\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n

      1. \u4e3b\u89c2\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff08Subjective Validation\uff09<\/h4>\n

      \u4eba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5f80\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e0a\u9760\u62e2\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bf4"\u4f60\u6709\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u4fe1"\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u641c\u7d22\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u6b21\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u3001\u90a3\u6b21\u53d1\u8a00\u65f6\u7684\u5fc3\u8df3\u52a0\u901f\u2014\u2014\u7136\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a"\u592a\u51c6\u4e86\uff01"<\/p>\n

      \u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u786e\u8ba4\u504f\u8bef\uff08Confirmation Bias\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u53d8\u4f53\uff1a\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u627e\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

      2. \u6b63\u9762\u504f\u5411\uff08Pollyanna Principle\uff09<\/h4>\n

      \u798f\u52d2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u591a\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u6216\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u63d0\u5230\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8865\u4e0a\u4e00\u53e5"\u4f46\u4f60\u80fd\u5f25\u8865\u5b83"\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5929\u7136\u504f\u7231\u6b63\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8bb0\u4f4f\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8db3\u591f"\u597d\u542c"\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6838\u5b9e\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u613f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

      3. \u81ea\u6211\u53c2\u7167\u6548\u5e94\uff08Self-Reference Effect\uff09<\/h4>\n

      \u5f53\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e"\u81ea\u6211"\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u4f1a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u66f4\u7262\u56fa\u3002\u661f\u5ea7\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6027\u683c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u7b97\u547d\u7684\u8bdd\u672f\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u56f4\u7ed5"\u4f60"\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u4f60\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

      4. \u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6e34\u671b<\/h4>\n

      \u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6709\u7740\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u9002\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e00\u53e5"\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4eba"\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u8bf4\uff0c\u5374\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u611f\u89c9<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6682\u65f6\u7f13\u89e3\u7126\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u4e09\u3001\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728<\/h2>\n

      \u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u8d85\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \u661f\u5ea7\u4e0e\u5360\u661f\u672f<\/h3>\n

      \u8fd9\u662f\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002"\u5929\u874e\u5ea7\u6df1\u6c89\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b""\u53cc\u5b50\u5ea7\u5584\u53d8\u4e14\u5145\u6ee1\u597d\u5947\u5fc3"\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u653e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u7387\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u543b\u5408\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u3002\u66f4\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5360\u661f\u672f\u4f1a\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u6545\u610f\u690d\u5165\u77db\u76fe\u5143\u7d20\uff08"\u4f60\u65e2\u6e34\u671b\u81ea\u7531\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u5168\u611f"\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u800c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u7b97\u547d\u4e0e\u5854\u7f57\u724c<\/h3>\n

      \u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7b97\u547d\u5e08\u662f\u5929\u751f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4f60\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u7a7f\u7740\u3001\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u5fae\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u53e5\u8bd5\u63a2\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4e0d\u65ad\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u5411\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u53eb"\u51b7\u8bfb\u672f"\uff08Cold Reading\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u51b7\u8bfb\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u71c3\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8425\u9500\u4e0e\u5e7f\u544a<\/h3>\n

      "\u4e13\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u6709\u54c1\u4f4d\u7684\u4f60\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002"\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e7f\u544a\u6587\u6848\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u6b63\u662f\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u8db3\u591f\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8ba9\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u53d7\u4f17\u89c9\u5f97"\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6211"\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n

      "\u6211\u7b2c\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u8ddf\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837"\u2014\u2014\u604b\u7231\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6070\u597d\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904"\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85"\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      \u56db\u3001\u798f\u52d2\u4e4b\u540e\uff1a\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8ffd\u95ee<\/h2>\n

      \u798f\u52d21948\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \u5b83\u6709\u591a\u666e\u904d\uff1f<\/h3>\n

      \u540e\u7eed\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u88ab\u8bd5\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u662f\u5df4\u897f\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u8bc4\u5206\u90fd\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u8c01\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613"\u4e2d\u62db"\uff1f<\/h3>\n

      \u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c03\u8282\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u592a\u559c\u6b22\u6df1\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u6a21\u7cca\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u3001\u5904\u4e8e\u4eba\u751f\u8f6c\u6298\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u66f4\u5177\u6613\u611f\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u9ad8\u7126\u8651\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4eba<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7126\u8651\u52a0\u5267\u4e86\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u667a\u529b\u6c34\u5e73<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u806a\u660e\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a"\u4e0a\u5f53"\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u529b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u5b83\u662f\u574f\u4e8b\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n

        \u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc4\u4f30\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f46\u4e8b\u60c5\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u683c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684"\u8ba4\u540c\u611f"\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u6170\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u8ba9\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u826f\u597d\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u2014\u2014\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u4e94\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u51cf\u5c11\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h2>\n

        \u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u5b83\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff1a<\/p>\n

        1. \u4e3b\u52a8\u5bfb\u627e\u53cd\u4f8b\u3002<\/strong> \u5f53\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u4e00\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0"\u592a\u51c6\u4e86"\u65f6\uff0c\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1f\u523b\u610f\u641c\u7d22\u53cd\u9762\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5bf9\u6297\u786e\u8ba4\u504f\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

        2. \u68c0\u9a8c\u533a\u5206\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong> \u628a\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a"\u7cbe\u51c6"\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u62ff\u7ed9\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u770b\uff0c\u95ee\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u89c9\u5f97\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n

        3. \u8b66\u60d5\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/strong> "\u4f60\u6709\u65f6\u81ea\u4fe1\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u81ea\u4fe1"\u8fd9\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u662f\u62c6\u89e3\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u6b66\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

        4. \u8ffd\u95ee\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/strong> \u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6027\u683c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fde"\u4f60\u7684\u5916\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u662f73\u5206\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u7b2c80\u767e\u5206\u4f4d"\u8fd9\u6837\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u7ed9\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8bf4"\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5e9f\u8bdd"\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u516d\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u9192\u4f46\u4e0d\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n

        \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u6536\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u5efa\u6784\u8005\u3002<\/strong> \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u64c5\u957f\u628a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u7ec7\u6210\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u628a\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\u586b\u5145\u6210\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u8bd7\u6b4c\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u9690\u55bb\u3001\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4f46\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u9009\u62e9\u804c\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u683c\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684"\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784"\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5ba1\u614e\u5730\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u4e0d\u662f"\u4e0d\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba"\uff0c\u800c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \u5f53\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8ba9\u4f60\u611f\u89c9"\u592a\u51c6\u4e86"\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4f60\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/strong>\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u4e4b\u5acc\u7591\uff1f<\/p>\n

        \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • Forer, B. R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology<\/em>, 44(1), 118\u2013123.<\/li>\n
        • Dickson, D. H., & Kelly, I. W. (1985). The 'Barnum Effect' in personality assessment: A review of the literature. Psychological Reports<\/em>, 57(2), 367\u2013382.<\/li>\n
        • Furnham, A., & Schofield, S. (1987). Accepting personality test feedback: A review of the Barnum Effect. Current Psychological Research & Reviews<\/em>, 6(2), 162\u2013178.<\/li>\n
        • Barrett, J. L. (2000). Exploring the natural foundations of religion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences<\/em>, 4(1), 29\u201334.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u611f\u53d7\u7684\u540e\u8bb0<\/h1>\n

          \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u4e4b\u201c\u9b3c\u201d<\/h1>\n

          \u6df1\u591c\uff0c\u4eae\u72ec\u81ea\u8d70\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u8001\u5df7\u5b50\u91cc\u3002\u670b\u53cb\u4e0b\u5348\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a"\u8fd9\u6761\u5df7\u5b50\u95f9\u9b3c\u3002"<\/p>\n

          \u4e00\u9635\u98ce\u5439\u8fc7\uff0c\u5df7\u53e3\u7684\u5851\u6599\u888b\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5982\u679c\u662f\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u4eae\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u610f\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86"\u95f9\u9b3c"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u773c\u775b\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u641c\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5899\u89d2\u4e00\u4e2a\u62d6\u628a\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u7740\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5fc3\u8df3\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u4ed6\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u811a\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u8eab\u540e\u4f20\u6765\u4e00\u58f0\u732b\u53eb\u3002\u4ed6\u66f4\u7d27\u5f20\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4f3c\u4e4e\u732b\u53eb\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4f4e\u8bed\uff0c\u98ce\u58f0\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u53f9\u606f\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u811a\u6b65\u56de\u58f0\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8eab\u540e\u8ddf\u7740\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4ed6\u8dd1\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u56de\u5230\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ddf\u670b\u53cb\u8bf4\uff1a"\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u9b3c\u3002"<\/p>\n

          \u670b\u53cb\u95ee\uff1a"\u4f60\u4e5f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e86\uff1f"<\/p>\n

          \u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a"\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u91cc\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u602a\u5f02\uff0c\u5f88\u6050\u6016\u3002"<\/p>\n

          \u672c\u80fd\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c"\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u80fd\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u535a\u5f08\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u4eae\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7531"\u8fd9\u6761\u5df7\u5b50\u95f9\u9b3c\u3002"\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u690d\u5165\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u548c\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5851\u6599\u888b\u3001\u62d6\u628a\u3001\u732b\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u52c7\u6c14\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u52c7\u6c14\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u8d28\u7591\u548c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u5ba2\u89c2\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u9700\u8981\u4eae\u7528\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u62b5\u5236\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u5f52\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u63a2\u5bfb\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u4f46\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u662f\u6709\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u9700\u8981\u52c7\u6562\u548c\u727a\u7272\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u4e4b\u6b7b\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u81ea\u6d3d\u5427\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u4eae\u4f1a\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u96be\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u201c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u9b3c\u201d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u627e\u5230\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\uff1a\u62c9\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u9b3c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u767d\u5929\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u90a3\u6761\u5df7\u5b50\u3002<\/strong> \u4ed6\u4f1a\u6307\u7740\u62d6\u628a\u8bf4"\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u62d6\u628a\u5417"\uff0c\u6307\u7740\u5851\u6599\u888b\u8bf4"\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u888b\u5b50\u5417"\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u6807\u7b7e\u88ab\u6495\u6389\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u5df7\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u6761\u5df7\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u5230\u5c3e\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u9b3c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u706b\u7130\uff1a\u751f\u706b\u53d6\u6696\u3001\u505a\u996d\u4fbf\u662f\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u7eb5\u706b\u4f24\u4eba\u4fbf\u662f\u707e\u7978\uff1b\u6548\u5e94\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u5bf9\u9519\uff0c\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u5229\u5f0a\u3002<\/strong> \u7136\u800c\u5229\u7528\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u96be\u5728\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u9b3c\u5e76\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u53ea\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8bb8\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u505a\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u6548\u5e94\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5374\u9648\u8ff0\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u95ed\u73af\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u5c31\u81ea\u6d3d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u6d3d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5730\u57df\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u5b64\u5355\u4e86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n

            \u5199\u5728\u6700\u540e<\/h3>\n
            \n

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            \n\u6548\u5e94\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5584\u6076\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u706b\u53ef\u4ee5\u708a\u716e\u6e29\u9971\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u917f\u6210\u706b\u707e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8d70\u5411\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6839\u9664\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5168\u76d8\u6392\u65a5\u5df4\u7eb3\u59c6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6170\u85c9\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u5173\u952e\u6289\u62e9\u65f6\u523b\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba1\u614e\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bfb\u627e\u53cd\u4f8b\u3001\u4ea4\u53c9\u6838\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u642d\u5efa\u8ba4\u77e5\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u9a7e\u9a6d\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u9884\u8bbe\u6807\u7b7e\u88f9\u631f\u3001\u56f0\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u7f16\u7ec7\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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